尚新, 刘春梅. 事态句的时间量化及其语言类型学意义——以汉语“V+T(的)+N”及其对应英语结构的对比分析为例[J]. 外国语, 2018, 41(5): 27-37.
引用本文: 尚新, 刘春梅. 事态句的时间量化及其语言类型学意义——以汉语“V+T(的)+N”及其对应英语结构的对比分析为例[J]. 外国语, 2018, 41(5): 27-37.
SHANG Xin, LIU Chunmei. Temporal Quantification in Eventuality Sentences and Its Typological Inference: A Case Study Based on Contrast Between Chinese “V+T ( de)+N” and Its Translated English Construction[J]. Journal of Foreign Languages, 2018, 41(5): 27-37.
Citation: SHANG Xin, LIU Chunmei. Temporal Quantification in Eventuality Sentences and Its Typological Inference: A Case Study Based on Contrast Between Chinese “V+T (de)+N” and Its Translated English Construction[J].Journal of Foreign Languages, 2018, 41(5): 27-37.

事态句的时间量化及其语言类型学意义——以汉语“V+T(的)+N”及其对应英语结构的对比分析为例

Temporal Quantification in Eventuality Sentences and Its Typological Inference: A Case Study Based on Contrast Between Chinese “V+T (de)+N” and Its Translated English Construction

  • 摘要:"V+T(的)+N"结构的句法、时间语义以及T的量化功能尚未得到充分研究。本文运用事件语义学理论,通过"V+T(的)+N"(T型)与"V+Q+N"(Q型)结构比较、T型和Q型结构与对应英语结构比较,以及"V+T(的)+N"与动词拷贝结构比较,发现汉语T型和Q型结构均具事件性,而英语Q型结构可有事件性,T型结构却有过程性(非事件性)。"V+T(的)+N"结构的事件性源于T的D-量化功能,而英语"V+N+FOR T"结构的过程性则源于T的A-量化功能。上述量化差异显示,汉语对"事件"和"事物"取相同的量化方式(D-量化);而英语对"事件"作A-量化,对"事物"作D-量化,表明汉英语言使用者对事态的感知方式存在差异。另外,"V+T(的)+N"与动词拷贝结构同义异构,而英语里既无D-量化的事件性结构又无动词拷贝结构,由此可做如下类型学推断:D-量化的事件性结构蕴涵动词拷贝结构。

    Abstract:Based on the theory of event semantics, and through a series of comparison between "V+T( de)+N" (T-type), "V+Q+N" (Q-type) and the English corresponding constructions, and between "V+T( de)+N" and verb-copying construction, the present study finds that both T-type and Q-type Chinese constructions represent events, while the English Q-type represents events, the T-type represents processes (non-events).The event property of "V+T( de)+N" derives from the D-quantification function of the T element, whereas the process property of the English "V+N+FOR T" construction derives from the A-quantification function of the "T" element.The quantificational differences show that, in Chinese, quantification on events and things is realized in the same way as D-quantification, but in English, quantification on events is realized through A-quantification compared to D-quantification on things.This implies that the modes of perception of Chinese and English speakers may diverge in that, whereas "events" are perceived in Chinese, "processes" are perceived in English.The study also finds that "V+T( de)+N" and verb-copying construction in Chinese are synonymic constructions, but English has neither of the constructions, which may be inferable for a typological hypothesis, that is:A temporal D-quantificational event construction in a language entails a verb-copying construction.

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